Cardiac Microtissues & Heart Spheroids
Cardiovascular labs use the 3D Petri Dish® to self-assemble cardiac microtissues — scaffold-free 3D cultures of cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells that recover the cell–cell contacts flat culture can’t provide. Cells seeded into the non-adhesive agarose micro-mold settle into its recesses and, driven by their own adhesion, form uniform 3D microtissues, typically within 1–2 days.
Because every recess produces a matched aggregate, arrays of cardiac microtissues can be dosed and imaged consistently — the studies below include iPSC-derived cardiomyopathy models, cardiotoxicity screening, engineered heart-repair constructs, and cardiac co-culture work, all built on the 3D Petri Dish®.
Getting started: follow the step-by-step protocols for casting, seeding, and harvesting, or browse 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds for 12- and 24-well plates — $575/pack, free worldwide shipping.
34 peer-reviewed publications
A human cardiomyocyte-based cellular model mimicking cardiac ischemia
American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · 2026 · Vartanian-Grimaldi, Jean-Sébastien, et al
Published in American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology (2026), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: V...
CardiovascularComputationally informed point of departure evaluation for proarrhythmic cardiotoxicity assessment using 3D engineered cardiac microtissues from human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Toxicological Sciences · 2025 · Daley, Mark C, et al
Published in Toxicological Sciences (2025), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Daley, Mark C, et al. Com...
CardiovascularGeneration and applications of cardiac spheroids
npj Biomedical Innovations · 2025 · Idais, Dana, et al
Published in npj Biomedical Innovations (2025), this publication cites the 3D Petri Dish® micro-mold system rather than reporting its own experimental use of it. Full citation: Ida...
CardiovascularLab-grown, 3D extracellular matrix particles improve cardiac function and morphology in myocardial ischemia
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · 2025 · Broadwin, Mark, et al
Published in American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (2025), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues....
CardiovascularMultiscale profiling of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cardiotoxicity reveals mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 as cardioprotective
Science Translational Medicine · 2025 · Manhas, Amit, et al
Published in Science Translational Medicine (2025), this study developed a multiscale profiling platform integrating hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, 3D cardiac microtissues, and comp...
CardiovascularIn vitro to in vivo extrapolation from 3D hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to inform next-generation arrhythmia risk assessment
Toxicological Sciences · 2024 · Daley, Mark C, et al
Published in Toxicological Sciences (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Daley, Mark C, et al. In ...
CardiovascularProximal telomeric decompaction due to telomere shortening drives FOXC1-dependent myocardial senescence
Nucleic Acids Research · 2024 · Li, Bin, et al
Published in Nucleic Acids Research (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Li, Bin, et al. Proximal ...
CardiovascularToxicity of low dose bisphenols in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac organoids – Impact on contractile function and hypertrophy
Chemosphere · 2024 · Ma, Jianyong, et al
Published in Chemosphere (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Ma, Jianyong, et al. Toxicity of low...
CardiovascularVascular units as advanced living materials for bottom-up engineering of perfusable 3D microvascular networks
Bioactive Materials · 2024 · Orge, I.D., et al
Published in Bioactive Materials (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Orge, I.D., et al. Vascular ...
CardiovascularAction potential metrics and automated data analysis pipeline for cardiotoxicity testing using optically mapped hiPSC-derived 3D cardiac microtissues
PLOS ONE · 2023 · Soepriatna, Arvin H., et al
Published in PLOS ONE (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Soepriatna, Arvin H., et al. Action pot...
CardiovascularAdult Multipotent Cardiac Progenitor-Derived Spheroids: A Reproducible Model of In Vitro Cardiomyocyte Commitment and Specification
Cells · 2023 · Scalise, Mariangela, et al
Published in Cells (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Scalise, Mariangela, et al. Adult Multipot...
CardiovascularApplied Electric Fields Polarize Initiation and Growth of Endothelial Sprouts
Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · 2023 · Sarkar, Anyesha, et al
Published in Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full ci...
CardiovascularCorrection of DMD in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by base-editing-induced exon skipping
Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development · 2023 · Wang, Peipei, et al
Published in Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citatio...
CardiovascularNanowired human cardiac organoid transplantation enables highly efficient and effective recovery of infarcted hearts
Science Advances · 2023 · Tan, Yu, et al
Published in Science Advances (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Tan, Yu, et al. Nanowired human...
CardiovascularProarrhythmic toxicity of low dose bisphenol A and its analogs in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac organoids through delay of cardiac repolarization
Chemosphere · 2023 · Ma, Jianyong, et al
Published in Chemosphere (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Ma, Jianyong, et al. Proarrhythmic t...
CardiovascularArrhythmia Assessment in Heterotypic Human Cardiac Myocyte–Fibroblast Microtissues
Methods in Molecular Biology · 2022 · Kofron, Celinda M., et al
Published in Methods in Molecular Biology (2022), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Kofron, Celinda M.,...
CardiovascularA predictive in vitro risk assessment platform for pro-arrhythmic toxicity using human 3D cardiac microtissues
Scientific Reports · 2021 · Kofron, Celinda M., et al
Published in Scientific Reports (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Kofron, Celinda M., et al. A ...
CardiovascularDYNAMIC BIOREACTOR MODEL TO MIMIC EARLY CARDIAC FIBROSIS IN DIABETES
Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology · 2021 · MARSH, SPENCER, et al
Published in Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: MAR...
CardiovascularFabrication of 3D Cardiac Microtissue Arrays using Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Cardiac Fibroblasts, and Endothelial Cells
Journal of Visualized Experiments · 2021 · Thomas, Dilip, et al
Published in Journal of Visualized Experiments (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Thomas, Dilip,...
CardiovascularHuman Atrial Cardiac Microtissues for Chamber-Specific Arrhythmic Risk Assessment
Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · 2021 · Soepriatna, Arvin H., et al
Published in Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Soepriatna...
CardiovascularMulticellular Human Cardiac Organoids Transcriptomically Model Distinct Tissue-Level Features of Adult Myocardium
International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2021 · Kerr, Charles M., et al
Published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Kerr...
CardiovascularPathogenic LMNA variants disrupt cardiac lamina-chromatin interactions and de-repress alternative fate genes
Cell Stem Cell · 2021 · Shah, Parisha P., et al
Published in Cell Stem Cell (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Shah, Parisha P., et al. Pathogen...
CardiovascularHuman cardiac organoids for the modelling of myocardial infarction and drug cardiotoxicity
Nature Biomedical Engineering · 2020 · Richards, Dylan J., et al
Published in Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Richards, Dylan J....
CardiovascularModeling Secondary Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Cell Reports · 2020 · Rhee, June-Wha, et al
Published in Cell Reports (2020), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Rhee, June-Wha, et al. Modeling Sec...
CardiovascularTargeting HIF‐α for robust prevascularization of human cardiac organoids
Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · 2020 · Coyle, Robert C., et al
Published in Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2020), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full ci...
Cardiovascular3D Cardiac Cell Culture: A Critical Review of Current Technologies and Applications
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 2019 · Zuppinger, Christian
Published in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2019), this publication cites the 3D Petri Dish® micro-mold system rather than reporting its own experimental use of it. Full cit...
CardiovascularDirected fusion of cardiac spheroids into larger heterocellular microtissues enables investigation of cardiac action potential propagation via cardiac fibroblasts
PLOS ONE · 2018 · Kim, Tae Yun, et al
Published in PLOS ONE (2018), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Kim, Tae Yun, et al. Directed fusion of...
CardiovascularSoluble VEGFR1 signaling guides vascular patterns into dense branching morphologies
Journal of Theoretical Biology · 2018 · Lakatos, Dóra, et al
Published in Journal of Theoretical Biology (2018), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Lakatos, Dóra, et...
CardiovascularCell number per spheroid and electrical conductivity of nanowires influence the function of silicon nanowired human cardiac spheroids
Acta Biomaterialia · 2017 · Tan, Yu, et al
Published in Acta Biomaterialia (2017), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Tan, Yu, et al. Cell number p...
CardiovascularCo‐Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells‐Derived Cardiomyocytes and Endothelial Cells from Cardiac Mesoderm Provides a Three‐Dimensional Model of Cardiac Microtissue
Current Protocols in Human Genetics · 2017 · Giacomelli, Elisa, et al
Published in Current Protocols in Human Genetics (2017), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Giacomelli, ...
CardiovascularGq-activated fibroblasts induce cardiomyocyte action potential prolongation and automaticity in a three-dimensional microtissue environment
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · 2017 · Kofron, C. M., et al
Published in American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (2017), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues....
CardiovascularInspiration from heart development: Biomimetic development of functional human cardiac organoids
Biomaterials · 2017 · Richards, Dylan J., et al
This study by Richards, D. J. et al was published in Biomaterials 142, 112–123, 2017. It utilized Microtissues 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds for 3D cell culture, contributing to advan...
CardiovascularIntracoronary Delivery of Self-Assembling Heart-Derived Microtissues (Cardiospheres) for Prevention of Adverse Remodeling in a Pig Model of Convalescent Myocardial Infarction
Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions · 2015 · Gallet, Romain, et al
Published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions (2015), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Gallet...
CardiovascularFunctional scaffold-free 3-D cardiac microtissues: a novel model for the investigation of heart cells
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · 2012 · Desroches, B. R., et al
Published in American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (2012), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues....
Frequently asked questions
Which cardiac cell types form microtissues in the 3D Petri Dish®?
The studies below use iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, primary ventricular cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial co-cultures. Adherent cardiac cell types self-assemble into beating 3D microtissues through their own cell-cell adhesion.
Can I make cardiac spheroids of a specific size?
Yes — spheroid size is controlled by the total number of cells seeded into the seeding chamber. More cells produce larger microtissues; the same mold covers a range of sizes.
Can different cardiac cell types be combined in one microtissue?
Yes. Mixed microtissues have been formed from two and even three cell types: each cell type is dissociated, counted, and mixed at the desired ratio before seeding, then the mixture self-assembles into mixed microtissues.
More questions? See the full FAQ, learn what a microtissue is, or read the guide to imaging 3D microtissues.