Microtissues®

Neural Organoids & Brain Microtissues

Neuroscience labs use the 3D Petri Dish® to form uniform, scaffold-free 3D neural cultures — from simple neural spheroids to the starting aggregates for brain organoid protocols. Because the agarose micro-mold is non-adhesive, dissociated neural cells settle into its recesses and self-assemble through their own cell–cell adhesion, typically within 1–2 days, with no scaffold or animal-derived matrix in the model.

Each mold forms an array of aggregates of matched size — size is set by the number of cells seeded — so experiments start from consistent 3D structures instead of a heterogeneous mix. The peer-reviewed studies below span neural organoid culture, electrophysiology, neural stimulation, retinal models, and glioma research, all using the 3D Petri Dish®.

Getting started: follow the step-by-step protocols for casting, seeding, and harvesting, or browse 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds for 12- and 24-well plates — $575/pack, free worldwide shipping.

26 peer-reviewed publications

Neuroscience

3D cortical microtissue with innate microglia for studying real-time cell behavior across maturation and inflammatory response

bioRxiv · 2026 · Del Toro, Alexander, et al

Published in bioRxiv (2026), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Del Toro, Alexander, et al. 3D cortical ...

Neuroscience

Altered ECM deposition and cell adhesion signaling in a human cortical organoid model of fragile X syndrome

Molecular Brain · 2026 · Havusha-Laufer, Sapir, et al

Published in Molecular Brain (2026), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Havusha-Laufer, Sapir, et al. Al...

Neuroscience

3D Quantification of Viral Transduction Efficiency in Living Human Retinal Organoids

Small Methods · 2025 · Rogler, Teresa S., et al

Published in Small Methods (2025), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Rogler, Teresa S., et al. 3D Quant...

Neuroscience

A brain cancer microtissue model for studying tumor cell and neural cell interactions

Scientific Reports · 2025 · Calvao, Dominick J., et al

Published in Scientific Reports (2025), this study introduces a novel 3D biomimetic brain cancer microtissue (BCM) model that enables the study of tumor cell interactions with neur...

Neuroscience

Antibody-Free Immunopeptide Nano-Conjugates for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery in Glioblastoma Multiforme

bioRxiv · 2025 · Sharma, Saurabh, et al

Published in bioRxiv (2025), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Sharma, Saurabh, et al. Antibody-Free Im...

Neuroscience

Development of a Sensory Neuron-Integrated Skin Spheroid Model for the Evaluation of Neuropeptide-Based Topical Delivery Systems

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · 2025 · Martin, Bianca Aparecida, et al

Published in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering (2025), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Martin, B...

Neuroscience

Device for detection of activity-dependent changes in neural spheroids at MHz and GHz frequencies

Biosensors and Bioelectronics · 2025 · Omidi, Saeed, et al

Published in Biosensors and Bioelectronics (2025), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Omidi, Saeed, et a...

Neuroscience

A mechanics theory for the exploration of a high-throughput, sterile 3D in vitro traumatic brain injury model

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology · 2024 · Wan, Yang, et al

Published in Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Wan,...

Neuroscience

Conventional and Tropism-Modified High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Exhibit Similar Transduction Profiles in Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2024 · McDonald, Andrew, et al

Published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: McDo...

Neuroscience

Cortical spheroids show strain-dependent cell viability loss and neurite disruption following sustained compression injury

PLOS ONE · 2024 · González-Cruz, Rafael D., et al

Published in PLOS ONE (2024), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: González-Cruz, Rafael D., et al. Cortic...

Neuroscience

3D models of glioblastoma interaction with cortical cells

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 2023 · Abedin, Md Joynal, et al

Published in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Ab...

Neuroscience

Cortical Spheroid Model for Studying the Effects of Ischemic Brain Injury

In vitro models · 2023 · McLaughlin, Rachel M., et al

Published in In vitro models (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: McLaughlin, Rachel M., et al. Co...

Neuroscience

Essential tremor: A three-dimensional neurosphere in vitro model to assess the neurotoxicity of harmane

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences · 2023 · Aro, Rania, et al

Published in Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences (2023), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: ...

Neuroscience

Interactions of neuronally induced SCAP (iSCAP) spheres, SCAPs, and HUVECs on vasculogenesis and neurogenesis

Journal of Endodontics · 2023 · Basabrain, M. S., et al

Published in a peer-reviewed journal (2023), this study utilized 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to generate uniform microtissues for investigating y induced scap (iscap) spheres, scaps...

Neuroscience

Brain Organoids to Evaluate Cellular Therapies

Animals · 2022 · García-Delgado, Ana Belén, et al

Published in Animals (2022), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: García-Delgado, Ana Belén, et al. Brain ...

Neuroscience

Formation of three-dimensional spheres enhances the neurogenic potential of stem cells from apical papilla (2022)

2022 · Basabrain, M et al2 · 2022 · Basabrain, M et al2

Published in a peer-reviewed journal (2022), this study utilized 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to generate uniform microtissues for investigating formation of three-dimensional sphere...

Neuroscience

Cortical spheroids display oscillatory network dynamics

Lab on a Chip · 2021 · Sevetson, Jessica L., et al

Published in Lab on a Chip (2021), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Sevetson, Jessica L., et al. Corti...

Neuroscience

Cell Types of the Human Retina and Its Organoids at Single-Cell Resolution

Cell · 2020 · Cowan, Cameron S., et al

Published in Cell (2020), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Cowan, Cameron S., et al. Cell Types of the...

Neuroscience

Protective effects of human iPS-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells on retinal degenerative disease

Stem Cell Research & Therapy · 2020 · Zhu, Deliang, et al

Published in Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2020), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Zhu, Deliang, et al...

Neuroscience

A three-dimensional neural spheroid model for capillary-like network formation

Journal of Neuroscience Methods · 2018 · Boutin, Molly E., et al

Published in Journal of Neuroscience Methods (2018), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Boutin, Molly E....

Neuroscience

Dysregulated bile acid signaling contributes to the neurological impairment in murine models of acute and chronic liver failure

EBioMedicine · 2018 · Xie, Guoxiang, et al

Published in EBioMedicine (2018), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Xie, Guoxiang, et al. Dysregulated ...

Neuroscience

Self-organising aggregates of zebrafish retinal cells for investigating mechanisms of neural lamination

Development · 2017 · Eldred, Megan K., et al

Published in Development (2017), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Eldred, Megan K., et al. Self-organi...

Neuroscience

A DNA hybridization system for labeling of neural stem cells with SPIO nanoparticles for MRI monitoring post-transplantation

Biomaterials · 2015 · Egawa, Edgar Y., et al

Published in Biomaterials (2015), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Egawa, Edgar Y., et al. A DNA hybri...

Neuroscience

Application and Assessment of Optical Clearing Methods for Imaging of Tissue-Engineered Neural Stem Cell Spheres

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods · 2015 · Boutin, Molly E., et al

Published in Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods (2015), this peer-reviewed study used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form scaffold-free 3D microtissues. Full citation: Boutin, Molly...

Neuroscience

Three-Dimensional Neural Spheroid Culture: An In Vitro Model for Cortical Studies

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods · 2015 · Dingle, Yu-Ting L., et al

This study by Dingle, Y.-T. L. et al was published in Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods 21, 1274–, 2015. It utilized Microtissues 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds for 3D cell culture, c...

Neuroscience

Simple generation of neurons from human embryonic stem cells using agarose multiwell dishes

Journal of Neuroscience Methods · 2013 · Birenboim, Ronit, et al

This study by Birenboim, R. et al was published in 2013. It utilized Microtissues 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds for 3D cell culture, contributing to advances in neuroscience research.

Frequently asked questions

Can the 3D Petri Dish® be used for neural organoid research?

Yes — published studies have used 3D Petri Dish® micro-molds to form the uniform neural cell aggregates their organoid and brain-microtissue protocols start from, and to culture brain organoids for downstream analysis. The mold provides the scaffold-free, non-adhesive environment; the biology of each model comes from the cells and the lab’s protocol.

Which cell types have been used for brain microtissues?

The publications below include primary neurons, iPSC-derived neural cells, astrocytes, glioma lines, and retinal cells. Adherent neural cell types that grow on tissue-culture plastic will generally self-assemble into 3D microtissues.

How are neural microtissues imaged?

The agarose gel is optically clear, so aggregates can be followed in place with a standard inverted microscope — brightfield, phase contrast, or fluorescence — without harvesting.

More questions? See the full FAQ, learn what a microtissue is, or read the guide to imaging 3D microtissues.